A warm edge spacer is designed to provide an alternative to conventional metal spacers used in insulated glass units. While metal spacers can conduct heat more easily, warm edge spacer profiles are made from lower-conductivity materials that can h...
A door is one of the important parts of a home. It gives privacy. Keeps things safe while also adding to the way the house looks. These days people are paying attention to how doors look, what they are made of, how long they last and how easy they...
Trees are valuable assets that improve the beauty and environment of any property. They provide shade, reduce heat, and create a healthier atmosphere. Like any living plant, trees require regular maintenance to remain strong and attractive. Withou...
Why Classical Probability Appears Static Author: Zhang Suhang Probability theory first grew out of gambling problems, devised to calculate winning odds in wagers. I. It took shape at the gaming table In the seventeenth cen...
How Probability Is Shaped by Frequency Author: Zhang Suhang The previous article states: frequency comes first; probability follows. This article goes one layer deeper, explaining how probability is brought into being. No formulas,...
Probability Depends on FrequencyAuthor: Zhang SuhangFor a long time, people have taken it for granted: the possibility of an event exists inherently. Only after repeated occurrences can we observe its pattern.But the real logic in reality runs the...
A balcony is a space that people use every day. Families enjoy their morning tea there. Children like to play. Many people turn their balcony into a garden or a quiet place to relax after work. A designed balcony can make apartment living more enj...
Geometric Interpretation of Gravitational Effects at Quantum Scales Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics Abstract Recent experiments using the Quantum Galileo Interferometer have confirmed that the equivalence principle ...
Curvature of Field Corresponds to Field Strength Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics Abstract In 1975, Yang and Wu pointed out that gauge potentials correspond to connections on fibre bundles, and gauge field strengths ...
A Reinterpretation of Kepler’s "Faster at Perihelion, Slower at Aphelion" PhenomenonAuthor: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of MathematicsAbstractA well-established observational law of planetary revolution around the Sun indicates that planets mov...
The Physical Significance of the Unification of Curvature and Angular Momentum: Explaining Celestial Motion and Cosmic Evolution Based on General Relativity
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics
I. Core Theoretical Foundation ...
General Relativity and Celestial Rotation
Author: Suhang Zhang, Luoyang, Henan
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Abstract
General relativity describes gravity through spacetime curvature, and its core equations—the Einstein field equations and the geodesic equation...
The Origins of Mathematics
Author: Zhang Suhang
The philosophy of mathematics has long been caught in the binary debate over whether mathematics is discovered or invented. Neither a purely discovery-based view nor a purely invent...
The Rough Terrain Crane Market is shaped by infrastructure development, construction demand, technological advancements, rental services, and operating costs, influencing equipment innovation and industry growth.
Mathematical Structure and Physical Mechanism of the Difference between Positrons and Electrons: A Re-examinationAuthor: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, HenanAbstractStandard quantum field theory attributes the physical distinction between electrons and po...
Electromagnetic Energy Levels and Particle Indistinguishability: A Hierarchical Revision of the "One-Electron Universe" Hypothesis
Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
Traditional quantum electrodynamics treats identical particle...
Hierarchical Evolution Laws of Mass-Energy Conversion: A Study of Frequency-Temperature Characterization in Annihilation and Photon Pair Production Processes
Author: Zhang Suhang Luoyang, Henan
Traditional relativistic physics re...
Light Cone: The Singularity from Lower Dimensions to Higher Dimensions? Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan Abstract The light cone is one of the most fundamental and least questioned structures in contemporary physics. It is by default define...
The Shadow of Absolute Spacetime in Relativity Author: Zhang Suhang, Luoyang, Henan
Newton constructed a system of separate absolute space and absolute time: space is a fixed, unchanging void container, while time flows independ...
On the Threefold Spacetime Forms Corresponding to Velocity Tiers: Flat, Mapping Distortion, and Spacetime Folding
I. Introduction
Humanity's cognition of spacetime geometry has always been constrained ...
On the Intrinsic Mathematical Mechanism of the Common Origin of Space and Time and the Co-Directionality of Length Contraction and Time Dilation
Classical relativity merely provides the calcul...
On Antimatter: Opposite Structure Also Constitutes a Potential Difference Luoyang School of Mathematics Author: Zhang Suhang Abstract Antimatter remains one of the most enigmatic concepts in physics. Within the Standard Model, antimatte...
Fields Potentially Influenced by Structural Conservation
This paper reviews the core propositions, theoretical positioning, and cross-disciplinary implications of the structural conservation f...
Structural Conservation and the Unified Reconstruction of the Four Fundamental Forces
The unification of the four fundamental interactions — gravitation, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force and the stron...
Structural Conservation: A Bridge Connecting Geometric Symmetry and Physical Conservation Author: Zhang Suhang Abstract Noether’s theorem stands as one of the greatest theorems in twentieth-century theoretical physics. It reveals the p...
Structural Conservation: A Topological Extension of Conservation Laws
Conservation laws are cornerstones of physics and mathematics. From Newton's conservation of momentum to Jo...
Liquid bulk cargo is any liquid shipped in large volume without individual packaging, usually in the tanks of a ship, rail car, or truck. Crude oil, chemicals, vegetable oil, and liquefied gas all move this way. It's one of the largest categories ...
From Euler’s Seven‑Bridge Problem to Fourier Spectra: Methodological Reconstruction of the Three‑Body Problem Author: Zhang Suhang Luoyang School of Mathematics Abstract When Euler addressed the Königsberg seven‑bridge problem, he dis...
Fourier Transformation of Three-body and Many-body Solutions: From Newtonian Closed-form Solutions to Einsteinian Geometric SpectraAuthor: Zhang SuhangAbstractClassical many-body dynamics has long been trapped by the obsession with "analytic close...
