All inverse-square forces (gravitation, Coulomb electrostatic force) are equivalent to the geometry of conic sections (ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas) in classical mechanics.

- Attraction ⇒ ellipse (or circle)

- Repulsion ⇒ hyperbola

- Boundary case ⇒ parabola

They all satisfy:

- Conservation of angular momentum ⇒ constant areal velocity (the universal version of Kepler’s second law)

- Energy determines the type of orbit

- Rigorous algebraic relations hold between orbital geometry (elliptic area, hyperbolic sector), force center position, angular momentum, and energy

Accordingly, generalized gravitation can be rigorously defined as: any central force obeying the inverse-square law.

Under this definition, the geometric interpretation of generalized gravitation is precisely the geometry of conic sections. This is well-established and rigorous classical mechanics, commonly known as the geometric formulation of the Kepler problem.

Under the unified framework of geometric dynamics, gravity no longer refers solely to universal gravitation, but rather generally to any inverse-square attractive force capable of producing stable elliptical orbits, including both universal gravitation and Coulomb attraction.