Connections between UPGS (Uniform‑Plateau Probability Scheme) and ∞‑Toposes Author: Zhang Suhang Date: August 2026 Abstract Lurie’s ∞‑topos theory elevates Grothendieck toposes to the level of ∞‑categories, furnishing a unified framew...
The Final Destination of Energy: Origin of Dark Matter and Dark Energy via Energy‑Level Degradation
Author: Zhang Suhang Affiliation: Luoyang, Henan Date: August 2026
Abstract
In the standard Λ‑CDM cosmological model, ordinary matter, d...
Bottom‑Level Mathematical‑Physical Reconstruction of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation and Proof of Mass‑Force Homology
Abstract In traditional classical mechanics, Newton’s law of universal gravitation is treated as an empirically induced...
The Algebraic Factorization Channel of the Π‑Operator System — A Unified Characterization of Inverse‑Product Operator and Unique Factorization Domains Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics) Date: June 2026 References: Omitted ...
A General‑Solution for Geometric Extremal Problems under the Π‑Operator Framework — The Rotational‑State Bridging Principle Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics) Date: August 2026 Abstract Traditionally, the Π‑operator ...
Numerical Cases and Analysis of Two Basic Navier-Stokes Formulas Author: Zhang Suhang Version 1: Basic Paradigm (ECS + DOG + MlE) boldsymbol{U}^{n+1} =mathop{argmin}{boldsymbol{U}inmathcal{H}} mathcal{E}big(boldsymbol{U},nablaboldsymbol{U}big) ...
Hierarchical Classification, Applicability Boundaries, and Value Analysis of Three Types of Flow Control Formulas under the Navier-Stokes System Author: Zhang Suhang AbstractRegarding the four core equations derived from the Multi-Origin Coordin...
A Topological Extremum Solving Method for the Navier-Stokes Equations Based on the boldsymbol{Pi} Projection Operator and the MOC-DOG-ECS-MlE Framework
Author: Zhang Suhang
1. Introduction The Navier-Stokes (NS) equations serve as the cor...
ECS: Toward a Unified Framework for Energy, Classical Mechanics, and Symplectic Geometry
Author: Zhang Suhang ( Luoyang School of Mathematics）
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Through a complete set of derivations and newly established mechanical connecti...
Paper II: Rigorous Derivation of Symplectic Structure Breakdown (Proof of the Degeneration of the Symplectic Form boldsymbol{omega}) Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics） Prerequisite KnowledgeFor a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian ...
Paper I：Rigorous Chain Mapping of Action–Potential Difference–Stability: The Local Reduction Essence of Symplectic Structure and Global Unification under ECS Author: Zhang Suhang (Heluo School of Mathematics) AbstractIn the classical mechanics s...
God makes all things with the greatest economy and efficiency. That is the essence of MlE. MlE provides mathematical support for Darwin's theory of evolution. Redundant structures that serve no purpose and consume resources t...
From Newton to Riemann, from fluxions to manifolds. Everything flows, nothing stands still. Is mathematics really so dull and boring? I don't think so!
Proof That the Sphere Has the Minimal Surface Area Among Rotational Solids of Equal Volume (Rotational Case of the 3D Isoperimetric Inequality) Author: Zhang Suhang Conventional Approach The conventional proof relies on calculus of va...
Supplemental Paper S‑05: Unification of Factorial System via Three-Channel Π Operators: Operator Formalization of Combinatorics, Factorials and the Gamma Function Author: Suhang Zhang Abstract Factorials, combinatorial counting and th...
Supplemental Paper S‑04: Probabilistic Π Operators and Dimensional Transformation Theory for Stochastic ProcessesAuthor: Suhang Zhang, Heluo School of MathematicsAbstractThe classical Π operator framework has been established with a dual contin...
Supplemental Paper S‑03: Global Generalization of the Π Operator within the Framework of DOG Discrete Order Geometry
Author: Suhang Zhang （Luoyang School of Mathematics）
The conventional Π operator system is constructed upon t...
Supplemental Paper S‑02: Definition of Generalized Π Operators under the MOC (Multi‑Origin Curvature Geometry) Framework
Author: Suhang Zhang
The canonical three-channel Π operator system established in the preceding 19 core m...
Paper 5-3: Prospect of System Expansion: Interdisciplinary Developments toward Non-Euclidean Manifolds, Quantum Field Theory and Advanced Number Theory
Author: Suhang Zhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics）
The Π operator framew...
Paper 5-2: Historical Review on the Evolution of π Research: From Euler and Ramanujan to the Formulation of the Π Operator System
Author: Suhang Zhang ( Luoyang School of Mathematics )
The cognitive history of π consists of thr...
Paper 5-1: Applications of the Π Operator in Engineering: 3D Modelling, Rotary Mechanisms and Periodic Oscillations Author: Suhang Zhang (Heluo School of Mathematics) Abstract The Π operator framework establishes a unified mathematical...
Paper E4-4: Generator Relations between Euler’s Formula and the Π-Operator
Euler’s formula e^{i\theta}=\cos\theta+i\sin\theta intrinsically links complex exponentials to circu...
Paper 4-3: A Study on the Complementarity between the Π-Operator and Classical Differential OperatorsAuthor: Suhang Zhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics）Abstract Classical differential operators including gradient, divergence, curl, Laplacia...
Paper 4-2: Integral Channel: Cross-Dimensional Π Mapping of Scalar and Vector FieldsAuthor: Suhang Zhang, Luoyang School of Mathematics References: OmittedAbstractThe Channel III of the Π operator relies on integral-type π quantities (Gaussian i...
Paper 4-1: Extension of the Π Operator to Four-Dimensional and Higher-Dimensional Euclidean Manifolds
A complete system of axioms, channels and algebraic structures for the ...
Papers 3-4: Number-Theoretic Mapping of Modular Forms, Elliptic Functions and the Π Operator
Author: Suhang Zhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics） Abstract
Modular forms and elliptic functions are core objects in number theory and comple...
Paper 3-3: Ramanujan's Series for 1/\pi and Higher-Order Periodic Channels of the \Pi Operator
Author: Zhang Suhang (Luoyang School of Mathematics）
Ramanujan derived numerous elegant and rapidly convergent series for 1/\pi, wh...
Paper 3-2: Composite Transformations and the Structure of Dimensional Transformation Group
The core function of the \Pi-operator is to perform mapping operations between spa...
Paper 2-4: Quadratic Solids of Revolution: Generalization of the Π Operator for Ellipsoids and Analysis of Eccentricity Effects
（Luoyang School of Mathematics） Abstract
An ellipsoid is a natural generalization of a...
Paper 2-3: Periodic Micro-element Channel: Operator Implementation of Helical Curves and Helical Surfaces
Author: Suhang Zhang （Luoyang School of Mathematics） Abstract
Helical structures are among the most ubiquitous periodic forms in n...